h1. Nonlinear Chemical Dose Controller
h2. Abstract
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h5. Figure 1: Nonlinear CD Design
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The nonlinear chemical doser (CD) is designed for turbulent chemical does flow rates. The -previous CD design for a- [linear CD| Chemical Doser] requires that the chemical flow {color:green}in the dosing tube be{color}-is- laminar. -This- The linear CD-design- uses the relationship between laminar flow and major losses in the doser tube to maintain a constant chemical dose with varying plant flow rates. However, when the flow in the dosing tube is turbulent, the linear relationship no -logner- _longer_ exists. In this case, a nonlinear CD, one that uses minor losses to control flow rates, -is necessary- {color:green}can be used{color} to maintain a constant chemical dose with the varying plant flow rates.
{panel} Add a description of how the plant flow measurement device must be matched to the CDCCD. Include the equations that show that the relationship between flow and height must have the same power relationship.
The figure shows an orifice that would be difficult to fabricate. Come up with a simpler design that can be fabricated at the construction site.
Could you provide clearer drawings of your design.{panel}
The advantage to designing a nonlinear CD is that higher chemical flow rates can be used. In larger water treatment plants {panel}How large? What is the maximum plant flow rate for the linear flow controller?{panel} larger chemical flow rates are necessary to dose alum and chlorine. The limit of the -current-{color:green}linear{color} flow control module is 400 ml/min. This maximum flow has been adequate for the plants currently in operation (La 34, Ojojona, Tamara, Marcala and Four communities) given their flow rates. {panel} It was necessary to use two flow controllers at Marcala. {panel} As the demand for larger AguaClara plants grows, larger chemical dose flow rates will be required. Furthermore, at high chemical flow rates, the head loss through the [flow control module orifice| Flow Controller] requires that the chemical stock tank be elevated to an unreasonable height.
{panel}The link to the flow controller doesn't discuss the orifice issue. Define the head loss problem clearly. Which orifice causes the problem and why can't that problem be solved? Are you sure this is a constraint?{panel}
h3. Methods
The nonlinear doser uses a dose control orifice (minor losses) instead of a dosing tube (major losses) to control the relationship between changing plant flow rates and chemical dose. The entrance to the rapid mix tank is also an orifice. Therefore, {color:green}the relationship the total plant flow rate and the height of water in the entrance tank and the relationship between the chemical flow rate{color} -both plant and chemical flow rates- are dominantly�dominantly- controlled by an�an- orifice {color:green}flow{color}. The CD uses a lever arm to increase head in the flow control module when the plant flow rate increase. The increase in head -drives- {color:green}links{color} the chemical flow rate to -increase with- the plant flow rate. The -relationship between- chemical dose -and turbidity- is changed manually in the same fashion as for the linear CD.
A lever arm similar to the linear CD lever arm will be used to relate plant flow rate to alum�alum- {color:green}chemical{green} flow rate. A larger dosing tube is required to minimize major losses. This tube must be flexible to accommodate lever arm motion. Flow will be channeled through the dose control orifice into a channel. This channel will deposit chemical flow into the appropriate {panel} What is the �appropriate� location?{panel} location in the entrance tank regardless of the corresponding dosing location on the lever arm.
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h5. Figure 2: Flow Controller for Nonlinear module
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To reduce head loss through the flow control module orifice, a new flow controller is being used in the design. The module being used is a [PT 75 LS|http://panelvalve.com/pt75ls-detail.html] Kerick Valve. This valve was chosen to minimize flow control module size and maximize orifice area. The flow controller will _be_ -housed- _mounted_ in a square tub.
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* Document the design of the constant head tank float valve.
* Distinguish clearly between the three orifices that are used (plant flow leaving the entrance tank, chemical flow leaving the dosing tube, and chemical panel valve).
* Is it important that the constant head tank be square?
* Add a detailed description of the design algorithms that you created for the plant flow measurement orifice, the chemical flow orifice, the float valve, and the floatdosing valvetube.
* Give the expected range of applicability of this design.
* Describe the design process for the CDCCD lever and float.
* Document the rapid mix design. The rapid mix design is very important for the larger plants and deserves a detailed description of how it is designed.
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