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where
is density, is velocity magnitude, is the effective viscosity (laminar plus turbulent).Anchor | ||||
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When Re is sufficiently low (less than 47), the flow is symmetric and steady, and a pair of vortices are formed behind the cylinder (Fig. 1a). When Re is higher than the critical value, the flow becomes unstable to the perturbations and leads to periodic Karman vortex shedding from the cylinder surface (Fig. 1b). When Re is higher than 180, the flow will become three-dimensional. 1
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