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{include: Cantilever Beam - Panel}
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h2. Step 6: Numerical Results


h4. Total Deformation

First, examine the total deformation by clicking on the Total Deformation button,object !Totaldeform.png!. in Ifthe youtree. have usedTurn onlyon twothe elements, you should see the output _Undeformed Wireframe_ as shown below. 
!2Elem_Tot_Def_Cornellian_350.png!
{newwindow:Click Here for Higher Resolution}https://confluence.cornell.edu/download/attachments/125812731/2ElemTotDef_Cornellian_Full.png{newwindow}
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If you have chosen to use 10 elements for your mesh\\
\\ [!beam_def.png|width=350!|^beam_def.png]\\
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With 10 line elements, you should see the following output for the total deformation.
!10ElemDefCornellian_350.png!
{newwindow:Click Here for Higher Resolution}https://confluence.cornell.edu/download/attachments/125812731/10ElemTotDefCornellian_full.png{newwindow}
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\\If you turn off _View > Thick Shells and Beams_, you will see the deformation of the line elements. The 3D beam view is constructed from this.

The beam deformation can be animated by clicking on the play button, !playbutton.png!, which is located underneath the beam deformation results. This will interpolate between the initial undeformed and final deformed configurations. 
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h4. Maximum Bending Stress

For this static structural problem, the maximum bending stress is of interest. In order to examine the maximum bending stress first expand the Beam Tool folder, !BeamTool.png!, which is located under "Solution(A6)".  Next, click on the Maximum Bending Stress button, !maxbendstressbutton.png!.  If you have used only two elements, you should obtain the following output.
!2elemmaxbendavg.png!
{newwindow:Click Here for Higher Resolution}https://confluence.cornell.edu/download/attachments/125812731/2elemmaxbendavg_full.png{newwindow}

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\\ [!beam_maxbs.png|width=350!|^beam_maxbs.png]\\
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By
Note default,that ANSYSin averagesthis thedisplay, stressANSYS valuesshows over the length of the beam.  Using only two elements, this yields a minimum value of 2.3176e6 Pa for the maximum bending stress.  This is an error created by the small number of elements used.  The minimum value of bending stress should be zero because there is no moment where the force is applied. However, because ANSYS is displaying the _maximum_ bending stress, and we are using such a small number of elements, it will not display the zero stress at the end. Next, we will verify that ANSYS is calculating the correct bending stress at the end. by displaying the bending moment. If the bending moment is zero at the application of force, then the bending stress is zero as well.the same value across the cross-section. This visualization is misleading. The maximum bending stress occurs only at the top fiber. The value that ANSYS reports is 4.635 MPa which matches the value from the [Pre-Analysis|SIMULATION:Cantilever Beam - Pre-Analysis & Start-Up] exactly. 

h3. Bending Moment

To view the bending moment along the beam, click {color:purple}{*}{_}Total Bending Moment{_}{*}{color} in the _Outline_ window. You should see the following in the graphics window.

!BendingMoment.png|width=350!
{newwindow:Click here to enlarge}https://confluence.cornell.edu/download/attachments/125812731/BendingMoment.png?version=1&modificationDate=1316567309000{newwindow}

Also notice that the values were plotted in a graph in the _Graph_ window.

!Graph.png|width=350!
{newwindow:Click here to enlarge}https://confluence.cornell.edu/download/attachments/125812731/Graph.png?version=1&modificationDate=1316567430000{newwindow}

In each of the above, pay close attention to maximum and minimum values of the bending moment. At the wall, the bending moment is 32000 Nm; as the calculation for moment is

{latex}
$
M = F \times d = (8000 N) \times (4 m) = 32000 \mbox{ Nm}
$
{latex}

Which checks out. We also notice that the minimum moment 1.1278E-10 Nm. Because this value is over 1E-14 smaller that the largest value. It can be assumed to be zero. Also, knowing that the calculation for the bending stress is:

{latex}
$
\sigma_M = \frac{M \times y}{I} = 0
$
{latex}

We can have some confidence in our simulation.

h3. Directional Bending Moment

To view the directional bending moment along the beam, click {color:purple}{*}{_}Directional Bending Moment{_}{*}{color} in the _Outline_ window. You should see the following in the graphics window.

!dir moment result.jpg|width=350!
[click here for full view|Cantilever Beam - Numerical Results^dir moment result.jpg]

!tab data.jpg|width=350!
[click here for full view|Cantilever Beam - Numerical Results^tab data.jpg]

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