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- The concentrated clay (10g/L) is diluted into the turbid water source until it reaches 100 NTU.
- The system switches to a floc blanket formation state, adding alum before mixing and flocculation. Prior experimental data indicated that an alum dose of 45 mg/L was optimal for 100 NTU influent.
- After the floc blanket forms, the system enters a loading state where tube settler effluent is sent to a reservoir (installed to prevent settling in turbidimeters that happens at around 50 mL/min for suspended clay particles). The reservoir delivers finished water to the turbidimeters at greater than 50 mL/min during a withdrawal state. As a consequence data collection for tube settlers is cyclical. The clarified effluent zone above the floc blanket is sampled so the tube settler effluent can be assessed relative to the tube settler influent.
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