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h2. |
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{toggle-cloak:id=Abstract} |
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Abstract {cloak:id=Abstract} Enter text here {cloak} h2. |
It has been observed that humic acid will compete with particles in the water for alum. A natural component of surface waters, humic acid is important to include in our laboratory experiment, as we are trying to observe flocculation parameters of natural waters. Adding humic acid to our experiment will make the experimental dirty water mimic more like natural waters found in Honduras.
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{toggle-cloak:id=Introduction} |
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Introduction {cloak:id=Introduction} |
Humic
...
acid,
...
concentrated
...
in
...
soil
...
organic
...
matter,
...
is
...
a
...
degradation
...
byproduct
...
of
...
plant
...
and
...
animal
...
tissues
...
such
...
as
...
lipids,
...
proteins
...
and
...
carbohydrates.
...
Chemically,
...
humic
...
acid
...
is
...
a
...
very
...
stable
...
compound
...
and
...
is
...
not
...
very
...
reactive
...
in
...
solution.
...
Surface
...
waters
...
naturally
...
contain
...
some
...
humic
...
acid,
...
as
...
it
...
can
...
leach
...
out
...
of
...
soil.
...
When
...
dissolved
...
in
...
water,
...
humic
...
acid
...
gives
...
water
...
a
...
yellow-brown
...
tinge.
...
Additionally,
...
humic
...
acid
...
can
...
affect
...
water
...
treatment;
...
specifically,
...
it
...
can
...
react
...
with
...
dissolved
...
cations
...
such
...
as
...
aluminum
...
sulfate
...
(alum)
...
and
...
other
...
aluminum
...
species
...
alum
...
can
...
dissociate
...
to
...
form.
...
Because
...
humic
...
acid
...
has
...
a
...
large
...
negatively
...
charged
...
surface,
...
it
...
tends
...
to
...
adsorb
...
much
...
of
...
the
...
alum
...
added
...
in
...
coagulation
...
processes,
...
thus
...
competing
...
with
...
clay
...
for
...
which
...
the
...
alum
...
is
...
added.
...
Therefore,
...
the
...
amount
...
of
...
alum
...
needed
...
to
...
treat
...
water
...
containing
...
humic
...
acid
...
will
...
be
...
more
...
then
...
what
...
would
...
be
...
needed
...
for
...
water
...
without
...
it.
...
In
...
order
...
to
...
more
...
accurately
...
determine
...
the
...
optimal
...
amount
...
of
...
alum
...
to
...
be
...
added
...
to
...
treat
...
contaminated
...
water,
...
humic
...
acid
...
should
...
be
...
considered
...
in
...
our
...
experiment.
...
Starting
...
with
...
this
...
experiment,
...
we
...
will
...
continue
...
to
...
use
...
humic
...
acid
...
in
...
our
...
influent
...
flow
...
as
...
it
...
is
...
a
...
major
...
competitor
...
to
...
clay
...
for
...
alum.
...
We
...
conducted
...
an
...
experiment
...
varying
...
alum
...
dose
...
concentration
...
and
...
influent
...
turbidity
...
at
...
a
...
G
...
value
...
of
...
42/s.
...
Humic
...
acid
...
was
...
not
...
mixed
...
into
...
our
...
influent
...
mixture,
...
and
...
therefore
...
did
...
not
...
accurately
...
determine
...
the
...
optimal
...
alum
...
dose
...
needed
...
to
...
treat
...
water
...
at
...
a
...
given
...
turbidity.
...
Since
...
dissolved
...
humic
...
acid
...
does
...
not
...
naturally
...
form
...
colloids,
...
its
...
addition
...
into
...
the
...
influent
...
stream
...
will
...
not
...
affect
...
the
...
turbidity.
...
More
...
specifically,
...
the
...
humic
...
acid
...
will
...
reflect
...
a
...
yellow-brown
...
wavelength
...
but
...
will
...
not
...
scatter
...
light
...
as
...
does
...
colloids
...
like
...
clay.
...
Our
...
main
...
objectives
...
for
...
adding
...
humic
...
acid
...
into
...
the
...
experiment
...
are
...
to
...
see
...
the
...
impact
...
of
...
humic
...
acid
...
on
...
our
...
previous
...
experiment
...
and
...
to
...
define
...
a
...
relationship
...
between
...
alum
...
dosing
...
and
...
raw
...
water
...
turbidities.
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{cloak} h2. |
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{toggle-cloak:id=Methods} |
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Methods {cloak:id=Methods} Enter text here {cloak} h2. |
No official experiment was run to determine the affects of humic acid on the alum dose. A concentration of 3.5 mg/L of humic acid is used as an estimate of natural waters.
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{toggle-cloak:id=Results} |
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Results {cloak:id=Results} |
We
...
have
...
used
...
a
...
humic
...
acid
...
concentration
...
of
...
3.5
...
mg/L.
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{cloak} h2. |
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{toggle-cloak:id=Discussion} |
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Discussion {cloak:id=Discussion} Enter text here {cloak} Back to [Tube Floc Research|Overall Tube Floc Research and Past Report] |
It would be very interesting to actually run an experiment without and with adding humic acid to the clay stock solution. By observing the settling curves, we could determine if in fact a humic acid concencration of 3.5 mg/L does take some of the alum away from the clay particles. Additionally, varying the amount of humic acid added to solution and the visible affects would also be a good experiment. We suggest that once the new experiment setup is ready and running this summer, that this experiment be conducted.
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