...
An
...
economical
...
hydraulic
...
mixer
...
that
...
generates
...
energy
...
dissipation
...
rates
...
in
...
excess
...
of
...
1
...
W/kg
...
can
...
be
...
designed
...
using
...
a
...
simple
...
inline
...
orifice.
...
The
...
orifice
...
must
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be
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downstream
...
from
...
the
...
aluminum
...
sulfate
...
injection
...
point
...
and
...
upstream
...
from
...
the
...
flocculator.
...
The
...
maximum
...
energy
...
dissipation
...
rate
...
in
...
the
...
jet
...
issuing
...
from
...
the
...
orifice
...
can
...
be
...
estimated
...
by
...
the
...
equation
| Latex |
|---|
}$$ \varepsilon _{RM} \cong {{\left[ {0.34\left( {V_{Jet} } \right)} \right]^3 } \over {D_{Jet} }} $$ {latex} |
where
...
the
...
velocity
...
is
...
the
...
actual
...
average
...
fluid
...
velocity
...
in
...
the
...
vena
...
contracta
...
and
...
jet
...
diameter
...
is
...
the
...
diameter
...
of
...
the
...
vena
...
contracta.
...
This
...
equation
...
can
...
be
...
obtained
...
by
...
evaluating
...
the
...
energy
...
dissipation
...
rate
...
at
...
8d,
...
the
...
limit
...
of
...
applicability
...
of
...
the
...
equation
...
found
...
in
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.