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h2. |
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Abstract {cloak:id=Abstract} |
Enter
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Text here
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{toggle-cloak:id=Introduction} |
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Introduction {cloak:id=Introduction} |
A
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clay
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suspension
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is
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used
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to
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feed
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the
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turbid
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water
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to
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the
...
flocculator.
...
During
...
the
...
summer
...
2007,
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the
...
flocculator
...
group
...
used
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a
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stock
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suspension
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of
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3,000
...
NTU.
...
We
...
wanted
...
to
...
reproduce
...
the
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stock
...
suspension
...
of
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3,000
...
NTU
...
but
...
needed
...
to
...
determine
...
what
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turbidity
...
would
...
be
...
produced
...
from
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a
...
given
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suspension
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of
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kaolin
...
clay.
...
The
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influent
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turbidity
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is
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user
...
defined
...
in
...
Process
...
Controller,
...
and
...
the
...
program
...
will
...
dictate
...
the
...
flow
...
rate
...
of
...
the
...
clay
...
suspension
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into
...
the
...
setup
...
in
...
order
...
to
...
achieve
...
the
...
influent
...
turbidity.
...
Arbitrarily
...
adding
...
clay
...
to
...
reach
...
a
...
certain
...
turbidity
...
is
...
ineffective
...
and
...
wastes
...
time.
...
Past
...
research
...
did
...
not
...
include
...
any
...
relationship
...
between
...
the
...
amount
...
of
...
clay
...
added
...
and
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the
...
respective
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final
...
turbidity
...
of
...
the
...
stock
...
solution.
...
We
...
designed
...
a
...
simple
...
experiment
...
to
...
determine
...
what
...
amount
...
of
...
kaolin
...
clay
...
should
...
be
...
added
...
per
...
liter
...
to
...
create
...
a
...
desired
...
turbidity.
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{toggle-cloak:id=Methods} |
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Methods {cloak:id=Methods} |
The
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experiment
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ran
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by
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adding
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different
...
amounts
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of
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kaolin
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clay
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(50
...
mg,
...
100
...
mg,
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250
...
mg,
...
500
...
mg,
...
and
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1000
...
mg)
...
to
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1
...
L
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of
...
water
...
and
...
measuring
...
the
...
turbidity
...
of
...
the
...
mixture
...
with
...
the
...
Hach
...
2100
...
N
...
table
...
turbidimeter.
...
The
...
amount
...
of
...
clay
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was
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weighed
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on
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an
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electric
...
scale.
...
The
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solution
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was
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hand
...
mixed
...
for
...
several
...
minutes
...
before
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pouring
...
into
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the
...
glass
...
cuvette
...
tubes.
...
The
...
cuvette
...
tubes
...
were
...
wiped
...
with
...
Kim
...
wipes
...
before
...
being
...
placed
...
in
...
the
...
turbidimeter.
...
Since
...
the
...
meter
...
could
...
not
...
adequately
...
read
...
turbidity
...
readings
...
above
...
200
...
NTU,
...
we
...
only
...
tested
...
up
...
to
...
this
...
maximum
...
turbidity
...
value
...
and
...
calculated
...
a
...
regression
...
curve
...
based
...
on
...
the
...
sampled
...
data
...
points
...
using
...
Microsoft
...
Excel.
...
After
...
the
...
relationship
...
was
...
determined,
...
a
...
new
...
stock
...
concentration
...
of
...
3,000
...
NTU
...
was
...
made
...
using
...
this
...
regression
...
formula.
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{toggle-cloak:id=Results} |
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Results {cloak:id=Results} Enter text here {cloak} h2. |
As mentioned in the procedure section, we measured the turbidity of several clay-water mixtures in an effort to determine the relationship between concentration of clay and NTU. The linear regression formula derived from the 5 data points (Figure 1) we measured suggested that at a clay concentration of 1.117 g/L was needed to create a solution of 3000 NTU.
We cleaned out the vial in the influent turbidimeter and input into Process Controller 3000 NTU as the value for the stock concentration. We programmed 100 NTU as the desired influent turbidity into the flocculator and ran the "3-New Flow and Sample" state to test whether we had indeed created a 3000 NTU stock. After some initial fluctuations, the steady state turbidity achieved was around 40 NTU. Our expected value was 100 NTU. This discrepancy may have been caused either by the fact that our clay solution was actually less turbid that our calculations had indicated, or that the program incorrectly calculated the dilution. This problem did not effect our experiment, however, as we corrected the turbidity error by applying the below equation to the observed turbidity readings.
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Figure 1: Relationship between amount of clay added (mg/L) and the resulting turbidity (NTU) of the clay stock solution.
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{toggle-cloak:id=Discussion} |
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Discussion {cloak:id=Discussion} Enter text here {cloak} Back to [Tube Floc Research|Tube Floc Research] |
This experiment was soley to obtain a linear regression relationship between the amount of clay added by mass and the resulting turbidity in a 1 L solution. This relationship and equation will be used in future experiments in order to determine the amount of clay to be added in order to achieve a certain clay stock solution.
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