...
The length of the tube flocculator is the same as in the previous setup (50ft). The concentration of clay and alum used in the experimental runs were the same as in the previous setup, which are 50NTU and 25mg/L, respectively. The flow rate was fixed at 3.1 mL/s in order to compare data from previous experiments with similar function setup. The experiment was repeated ten times in a row.
Each dataset was normalized to each maximum turbidity value and the ensemble average was taken to determine standard deviation of datasets.
Results and Discussions
Figure 1 shows ten datasets during settling state. The As reported, we believe that the fluctuation of datasets is due the circulation problem. Assuming datasets from previous experiment experiencing similar problem, we would consider to proceed with data analysis and comparison.
Figure 1 Ten sedimentation datasets showing the decrease of turbidity over period of time. . 10 datasets of experiment 
with the ensemble average (red line) for the old setup.
Figure 2. 10 datasets of experiment with the ensemble average (red line) for the new setup.
Figure 3 Figure 2 illustrates the effect of different setups of tube flocculator. Using similar initial parameters, the new setup shows a faster drop than the previous setup. This could be an indicator that the new setup has more bigger flocs during the settling state than the previous one. Data smoothing is applied to eliminate fluctuation This is possible due to recirculation problem that previously indicated. Only one dataset is chosen to illustrate the point.
Figure 2 The data was smoothed using window average of 33.
The raw data is also normalized and Figure 2 indicates that the changing of setup does not have too much effect to the datathe fact that the previous setup has greater number of horizontal pathways that allow bigger tube flocs to settle during flocculation.
Figure 3 The raw data was normalized. Ensemble average datasets for both old and new setups.