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These values were found using the following equations:
Velocity Gradient
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The velocity gradient in a curved tube is given by (Mishra & Gupta 1979)
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{latex}$$
G_c = G_s \left( {1 + 0.033\log \left( {De} \right)^4 } \right)^{{\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/
{\vphantom {1 2}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}
\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$2$}}}
$$ {latex} |
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Where De Where De is the nondimensional Dean Number and characterizes the effect of curvature on fluid flow:
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$$
De = \sqrt {{r \over {R_c }}} {\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} _d
$$
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Residence Time
effect of curvature on fluid flow:
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Residence Time
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Several flocculator designs were used in the trial runs of the experiment. The initial flocculator was oriented horizontally across the work bench. This orientation led to a numerous small bubbles trapped throughout the system. It also made the flocculator difficult to fill. The first change therefore, was to use a vertical flocculator orientation. This allowed bubbles in the flocculator to flow upwards towards the top where a tee and vertical tube open to the atmosphere released any bubbles in the flocculator.
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