Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Java (antigenic formula: 1,4,5,12:b:-) is also known as Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+). Salmonella Paratyphi B and Java are biovars of common serotype 1,4,[5],12:b:1,2 causing human paratyphoid fever and gastroenteritis, respectively. Different from ‘classical’ S. Paratyphi B, S. Java has an animal reservoir and leads to substantive outbreaks as a result of the contamination of food products.
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Outbreaks: Outbreaks have been associated with S. Java.
Year | Location | Associated Source | Number of Cases |
---|---|---|---|
1966 | US: NJ | Smoked whitefish | 12 |
1999 | Canada | Alfalfa sprouts | 51 |
2003 | France | Goat’s milk cheese | 273 |
2007 | Multinational | Baby spinach | 354 |
2010 | US: OK | Not identified | 17 |
2015 | US: Multi-state | Nut butters | 13 |
2015 | US: Multi-state | Raw Tuna | 62 |
2017 | US: Multi-state | Ball python exposure | 5 |
2018 | US: Multi-state | Kratom | 199* |
*This outbreak included infections from several types of Salmonella: Salmonella Java, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Javiana, Salmonella Okatie, Salmonella Weltevreden, and Salmonella Thompson.
Relevant links and references:
- https://about-salmonella.com/salmonella_outbreaks/salmonella-java-outbreak-oklahoma-iowa-nebraska
- https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2015/12/cdc-multistate-salmonella-outbreak-may-be-linked-to-recalled-nut-butters/
- https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2015/07/frozen-raw-tuna-likely-source-of-60-salmonella-infections-in-11-states/#.Vl-QE2QrJFY
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6719a7.htm
- https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.58.1.114
- https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/esw.12.51.03332-en
- https://www.foodsafetynews.com/files/2016/02/Sprout-associated-outbreaks-2-24-16-1.pdf
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-12-15/index.html
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294332/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7258445/
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kratom-02-18/index.html#:~:text=This%20outbreak%20was%20detected%20when,to%20test%20for%20Salmonella%20contamination.