Salmonella Java

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Java (antigenic formula: 1,4,5,12:b:-) is also known as Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+). Salmonella Paratyphi B and Java are biovars of common serotype 1,4,[5],12:b:1,2 causing human paratyphoid fever and gastroenteritis, respectively. Different from ‘classical’ S. Paratyphi B, S. Java has an animal reservoir and leads to substantive outbreaks as a result of the contamination of food products. 

Animal reservoir: In particular, Salmonella Java is commonly found in poultry, especially chickens and ducks. It can be found in snakes and fish as well. 

Geographical distribution: Serovar Java has been found in Europe, the UK, Australia, and America.

Outbreaks: Outbreaks have been associated with S. Java. 

*This outbreak included infections from several types of Salmonella: Salmonella Java, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Javiana, Salmonella Okatie, Salmonella Weltevreden, and Salmonella Thompson.

Relevant links and references:

1. https://about-salmonella.com/salmonella_outbreaks/salmonella-java-outbreak-oklahoma-iowa-nebraska
2. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2015/12/cdc-multistate-salmonella-outbreak-may-be-linked-to-recalled-nut-butters/
3. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2015/07/frozen-raw-tuna-likely-source-of-60-salmonella-infections-in-11-states/#.Vl-QE2QrJFY
4. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6719a7.htm
5. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.58.1.114
6. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/esw.12.51.03332-en
7. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/files/2016/02/Sprout-associated-outbreaks-2-24-16-1.pdf
8. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/paratyphi-b-12-15/index.html
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294332/
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7258445/
11. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kratom-02-18/index.html#:~:text=This%20outbreak%20was%20detected%20when,to%20test%20for%20Salmonella%20contamination.