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Minor losses caused by flow expansions are calculated similarly to major losses, except length is not a factor and a minor loss coefficient is used. The minor loss coefficient is entered in the Design Assumptions and Minor Loss Coefficients programs.
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| AGUACLARA:h.e |
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| AGUACLARA:h.e |
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The total head loss in the manifold is used in the Exit Channel, Launder, and Sludge Drain program.
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| AGUACLARA:HL.Manifold |
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| AGUACLARA:HL.Manifold |
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Orifice Equations
Orifice equations are used in the Entrance Tank, Exit Channel, Flow Control Module, and Launder. These equations include simple calculations for the area of a circle (A.circle) and the diameter of a circle (D.circle) given an area.
The flow rate through the orifice is calculated using a Pi value found in the Design Assumptions.
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| AGUACLARA:Q.orifice |
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| AGUACLARA:Q.orifice |
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This equation is rearranged to calculate the area of the orifice (A.orifice) and for h (h.orifice).
The number of orifices can be calculated by dividing the area of the orifice by the area of a circle given the diameter of the orifice.
The diameter of the orifice can also be found the pipe characteristics.
Flow Equations
This section of the Fluids Functions calculates the flow rate based on different parameters.
The flow rate can be determined based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, which includes head loss.
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| AGUACLARA:Q.hagen |
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| AGUACLARA:Q.hagen |
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The flow rate can also be calculated if an energy dissipation rate is given.
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| AGUACLARA:Q.SJ |
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| AGUACLARA:Q.SJ |
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Flow through a pipe under either laminar or turbulent flow when there are only major losses is also calculated. This flow is equal to Q.hagen if it is less than the flow rate of the transition flow, or Q.SJ if it is larger.
Finally, the flow rate can be calculated given minor head losses.
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| AGUACLARA:Q.pipeminor |
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| AGUACLARA:Q.pipeminor |
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Pipe Equations
This section of the Fluids Functions calculates the diameter of the pipe needed given different known variables. These mostly include loops that give you the available pipe size when the calculated diameter is entered. The nominal pipe size is also returned when a pipe specification is given.
The diameter of the orifice can also be calculated given head water and launder specs by using the D.circle equation as a function of A.orifice.
Weir Headloss
The head loss from a weir is calculated given a flow rate and pipe diameter.
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| AGUACLARA:headloss.weir |
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| AGUACLARA:headloss.weir |
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