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However, as it can be observed from the transparent demo plant, the recirculation area is only the length of one or two baffle widths. This is contrary to the excessively large blue/red regions predicted by the k-e realizable, and k-w models. Therefore it was concluded that the standard k-e model best simulates the turn.
4. Conclusions
1. An area of recirculation occurs near the center wall immediately after the turn
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