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At this stage, the Standard k-ε turbulence model was set up.  After this, water Water was defined as the working material from the FLUENT database. After defining operating conditions and making sure that the boundary conditions set in Gambit were correct, the initial conditions were set up. Finally, the The discretization method for the momentum, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent dissipation rate were set to the 'Second Order Upwind' scheme to obtain a 'Second Order Accurate' solution.  The boundary conditions were set according to the values shown in the table below.  The solution was obtained by iterating until the residuals converged to 10e-6.  Results were then analyzed and plotted.        

TABLE IN BCS TABLE 1

2.5 Mesh Sensitivity Analysis

The effect of the number of mesh elements on the result was also carry carried out. Coarse mesh, medium mesh and fine mesh meshes were created and the pressure drop across the turn from each mesh was compared. This analysis will provide confidence on the accuracy of certain mesh. If the changes in mesh elements does not result in a lot of change in pressure coefficient drop, it is concluded that the mesh elements is refine were refined enough that the truncation error and discretization errors can be neglected. Table 1 2 shows the summary of 3 meshes created for mesh sensitivity analysis. Please refer back to figure 2 for corresponding meshing parameters.

Table 12. Mesh Meshing Parameters for Coarse, Medium and Fine MeshMeshes

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