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Head loss through orifices:

{latex}$$
h_{1Orifice}  = K_{DoseOrifice} {{V_{DoseTube}^2 } \over {2g}}
$${latex}

Other Head Losses:

Major Head Losses:

{latex}$$
h_{Lmajor}  = f {L\over {D}}{{V^2} \over {2g}}
$${latex}

Entrance Head Loss:

{latex}$$
h_{1Entrance}  = K_{Entrance} {{V^2 } \over {2g}}
$${latex}

The analysis of the head losses in the system can be seen in Nonlinear Theory.
The orifice equation, shown below, demonstrates the nonlinear relationship between flow rate and the change in head loss.

{latex}
\large
$$
Q = K_{vc} A_{or} \sqrt {2gh}
$$
{latex}

Where

{latex}\large$$Q $${latex}

= Flow Rate

{latex}\large$$h $${latex}

= Head Loss

{latex}\large$$A_{or} $${latex}

= Area of the Orifice

{latex}\large$$K_{vc} $${latex}

= Orifice Constant

Head loss in the plant after the entrance tank occurs in the rapid mixer, the flocculation tank, and the launders. The flow of water through the AguaClara plant can be effectively represented as a series of flow expansions, a subset of minor losses. . The table below lists the major sources of head loss in the plant.

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