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Stock Tank Mixing Team
Fall 2013 Contributions
One of our team Team goals this semester are to determine the relationship of PACl density and concentration and send supporting data, along with a field-durable hydrometer, to Honduras in January to aid coagulant dosing. Our other major team goal is to design and fabricate a centrifugal pump to ensure proper mixing of coagulant stock.
Hydrometer
Thus far, the Krackeler Scientific hydrometer has been purchased and initial testing has begun. We have gleaned preliminary results using granular PACl from Honduras and will continue testing to confirm the density and concentration relationship.
Centrifugal Pump
include purchasing non-lab environment appropriate (e.g. not easily breakable) hydrometers or other suitable measurement tools for PACl and chlorine stock solutions, testing and confirming the PACl concentration-density relationship, and designing and fabricating a centrifugal pump to be used in the stock tank to ensure complete mixing of stock solutions.
Hydrometer
The $74 Krackeler Scientific 1.000-1.220 polycarbonate hydrometer has been deemed the most appropriate model for measuring typical AguaClara PACl solutions and three have been purchased to be sent to Honduras with the team in January 2014. Chlorine solutions pose a more complicated problem - the specific gravity range required is very small, and thus a hydrometer with a small range is required. Currently, no polycarbonate hydrometers with an appropriately small specific gravity range are commercially available. The $33.50 Cole Parmer 1.000-1.050 glass hydrometer has been purchased to determine if a hydrometer is an accurate enough tool for chlorine solutions, and further evaluation determining a field appropriate tool will be performed.
Utilizing PACl from Honduras, the team has also performed tests to determine the concentration-density relationship of PACl; this relationship is important in giving actual meaning behind SG readings from the purchased hydrometer. The relationship has been found to be Density.PACl = 0.492*Concentration.PACl + Density.Water
Centrifugal Pump
Previous teams' pumps have been scaled down to allow for design evaluation and adjustment. The current test setup utilizes Fabrication of the centrifugal pump and testing mechanism are near completion. We have improved upon the Coagulant Management team's design for stability by placing a 1/2" PVC plate at screwed to a base tee joint to secure the bottom of the tank (replacing the recommended brass joint) and attaching the base of the pump to it. Initial testing will begin in the very near futurepump, with a wood plank with three holes clamped to the test tank to secure the top of the pump. The two holes located on the ends of the plank provide a surface for clamping and the pump itself is stabilized by being threaded through the middle hole. The pump has a rotating arm located just below the water surface that is meant to bring dense solution from the bottom of the tank to top via the pressure gradient created during rotation. Sugar solutions of various concentrations were dyed with Red Dye #40 and a stratified solution was created in the tank to allow visualization of fluid movement. Through numerous tests, it has been determined that the current design has large inefficiencies resulting from the major loss of input power due to drag on the arm.