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Head Loss Measurement
The head loss across the filter over time is the governing factor that determines the filtration cycle time. The build up of head loss ultimately determines how often the filtration unit will require backwashing.
Filtration Unit Design
It is necessary to design a filtration unit that can be built at our existing water treatment plants and be incorporated into future plant designs. This includes a hydraulic analysis to calculate the critical elevations in relation to how the filter fits in with the sedimentation tank effluent weir and the distribution tank. This analysis must be done using the approach for the design tool with correctly named variables, and with the standard inputs of flow rate and then automated design of the filter system. This automated design must include full hydraulic design of all of the piping required.
Performance Study
A number of parameters will need to be studied in order to find the optimal design conditions for a filtration unit. The variables to be studied experimentally include diameter of sand grains, depth of each filter layer, horizontal spacing between pipes, and filtration velocity. A robust study of all these variables will require a long period of time, and it is thus recommended that we proceed with the design and installation of a filtration unit with conservative design parameters. Once full-scale performance can be analyzed, we can proceed with an exhaustive performance study to further optimize the stacked rapid sand filtration unit design.
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