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Figure 1 shows both the raw water turbidity and the effluent turbidity as a function of the flow rate. The effluent turbidity increases with the flow rate. This shows that filter performance decreases with increasing flow rates, meaning that in order to achieve a desirable effluent turbidity, a lower flow rate and thus a larger filter tank size must be employed. As show in the graph, filtration velocities of less than about 2 mm/s produce an effluent turbidity of less than one, or a pC* of greater than 0.9 
Figure 1: Raw Water and Effluent Turbidity vs Flow Rate 
Figure 2: pC* vs Flow RateWhile the results obtained using this alum dose were phenomenal, this is a very high, unrealistic alum dose. To actually achieve this alum dose level, it would be necessary to install an additional alum doser prior to the filtration unit.
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Figure 3 shows the three ramp states as a function of flow rate. The first ramp state has a significantly higher turbidity than the following two. This suggests that this film may have an effect on the performance of the filter. In order to prove or disprove this, experiments will be run with the filter column on its side so this film is unable to performform, and by comparing these results, we will find out the importance of the film layer.
Figure 3: Effluent Turbidity vs. Flow RateAfter it was determined that the film that forms on top of the foam sheets affects performance, it was necessary to test and see if foam filtration is actually a function of depth: Depth Filtration