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In the first experiment, a flow rate of 100 m/day was used simply to get an estimate of what level of removal the filter foam material could achieve. A flow rate of 100 m/day was chosen as it is a typical upflow velocity for an AguaClara sedimentation tank. An influent raw water turbidity of 5 NTU was used, which is the typical turbidity of effluent water from an AguaClara sedimentation tank. Alum was not added to the system as we wanted to test the filtering capacity of the foam in the worst case scenario, which is using the smallest level of particles that would be sent through the filter in real life.
Figure 1: Raw Water and Effluent Turbidity vs. time for a flow rate of 100 m/day
A few things to note about Figure 1:
- When 5 NTU raw water is sent through the filtering device, the effluent water turbidity is about 2 NTU for the first 6 hours and slightly improves to about 1.5 NTU.
- The clay stock ran out after 14 hours, as evidenced by the drop in turbidity in the raw water.
- It is interesting to note that despite the drop in raw water turbidity, the filter is still effective. Raw water of about .6 NTU was filtered to about .12 NTU.
Figure 2: pC* vs. time for a flow rate of 100 m/day
Figure 2 is a plot of pC*, which is the percent of colloid removal.
A few things to note about Figure 2:
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Ultimately, we would like the filtration unit to take up the smallest amount of planned area possible. Therefore, the flow rate through the filter was increased to 200 m/day, which is equivalent of reducing the top view area of the filter to half the original size. The influent raw water was kept as above, at 5 NTU without alum dosage.
Figure 3: Raw Water and Effluent Turbidity vs. time for a flow rate of 200 m/day
Figure 3 indicates that the higher flow rate of 200 m/day increased the effluent turbidity to about 2 NTU. However, given the amount of planned space saved by the increased flow rate, this level of performance loss may be acceptable.
Figure 4: PC* vs. time for a flow rate of 200 m/day
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