Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Napoli (antigenic formula 1,9,12:l,z13:e,n,x) is a serovar of the O:9 (D1) serogroup. This is a rare serovar, in the US only 19 cases were reported from 1999-2009. In other regions of the world S. Napoli is also rare, except for France, Italy, and Switzerland were it appears to have increased considerably. It was isolated from rucola and wild bird samples collected in Italy between 2004 and 2014 (Fisher et al., 2009; Mancini et al., 2014; Gori et al., 2018).
Animal reservoir: poultry and wild birds have been reported as animal sources of this serovar.
Geographical distribution: Serovar Napoli appears to be distributed in Europe, specifically in France, Italy, and Switzerland.
Phylogenetic Information: Serovar Napoli has the typhoid-associated genes hlyE and taiA (SPI-18), cdtB, pltA, and pltB (CdtB-Islet), as well as the GICT18/1 islet.
Symtpoms: Although it is a nontyphodial Salmonella strain some if its symptoms, including a prolonged incubation period (7–14 days), high fever, bacteremia, and elevated rates of hospitalizations, are similar to those caused by typhoidal Salmonella.
Human Outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
1982 | England | Chocolate bars | 245 |
| 2014 | Milan, Italy | Ham | 47 |
Border Rejections:
Year | Location | Associated Source | Number of Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | Slovenia | Rucola (arugula) from Italy | NA |
| 2006 | Denmark | Bulls blood beet from Italy | NA |
| 2014 | Italy | Rucola salad | NA |
2022 | Finland | Fresh thyme from Italy, packaged in the Netherlands | NA |
Relevant links and references:
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19534593
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6131266
- http://www.iss.it/binary/publ/cont/ANN_14_01_14.pdf
- http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20519
- http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2015.2091
- http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2016.2206
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/556383
- Fisher I, Jourdan-da S, Nathalie H, Herbert W, François-Xavier SH, Danan C, Kérouanton A, Lane C, Dionisi AM, Luzzi I. 2009. Human Infections Due to Salmonella Napoli: A Multicountry, Emerging Enigma Recognized by the Enter-net International Surveillance Network. Foodborne pathogens and disease. 6. 613-9. 10.1089/fpd.2008.0206.
- Mancini L, Marcheggiani S, D'Angelo A, Puccinelli, Camilla C, Filippo R, Flavia D, Elisabetta DM, Dario D, Anna M, Owczarek S, Luzzi Ida. 2014. First isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Napoli from wild birds in Italy. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità. 50. 96-8. 10.4415/ANN_14_01_14.
- Gori M, Ebranati E, Scaltriti E, Huedo P, Ciceri G, Elisabetta T, Mirella P, Gianguglielmo Z, Stefano P, Luca B. 2018. High-resolution diffusion pattern of human infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Napoli in Northern Italy explained through phylogeography. PLOS ONE 13(8): e0202573. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202573