Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gaminara (antigenic formula 16:d:1,7) is a serovar of the O:16 (I) serogroup. This serovar was commonly isolated from unpasteurized fruit and vegetable juices.

Animal reservoir: Salmonella Gaminara was found in chicken and bearded dragons.

Geographical distribution: Serovar Gaminara has been found in Africa, Singapore, and the U.S.

Outbreaks: Outbreaks have been associated with S. Gaminara. 

YearLocationAssociated SourceNumber of Cases
1995US: FLUnpasteurized orange juice621
2017US: Multi-stateMaradol papayas2202

1: Salmonella Hartford was also associated with the outbreak. 

2: A total of 220 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Thompson (144), Salmonella Kiambu (54), Salmonella Agona (12), Salmonella Gaminara (7), or Salmonella Senftenberg (3) were reported from 23 states. 

Relevant links and references:

  1. https://journals.lww.com/infectdis/fulltext/2007/09000/salmonella_gaminara_osteomyelitis_and_septic.13.aspx
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-07-17/index.html
  3. https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/cornwell_claudia_m_200112_ms.pdf
  4. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.22270114v2.full
  5. https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/39857-more-bad-news-even-orange-juice-is-a-risk-for-i-salmonellosis-i
  6. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/265456/PMC2537894.pdf?sequence=1
  7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363935706_Salmonella_spp_in_Chicken_Prevalence_Antimicrobial_Resistance_and_Detection_Methods
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