Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gaminara (antigenic formula 16:d:1,7) is a serovar of the O:16 (I) serogroup. This serovar was commonly isolated from unpasteurized fruit and vegetable juices.
Animal reservoir: Salmonella Gaminara was found in chicken and bearded dragons.
Geographical distribution: Serovar Gaminara has been found in Africa, Singapore, and the U.S.
Outbreaks: Outbreaks have been associated with S. Gaminara.
Year | Location | Associated Source | Number of Cases |
---|---|---|---|
1995 | US: FL | Unpasteurized orange juice | 621 |
2017 | US: Multi-state | Maradol papayas | 2202 |
1: Salmonella Hartford was also associated with the outbreak.
2: A total of 220 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Thompson (144), Salmonella Kiambu (54), Salmonella Agona (12), Salmonella Gaminara (7), or Salmonella Senftenberg (3) were reported from 23 states.
Relevant links and references:
- https://journals.lww.com/infectdis/fulltext/2007/09000/salmonella_gaminara_osteomyelitis_and_septic.13.aspx
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-07-17/index.html
- https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/cornwell_claudia_m_200112_ms.pdf
- https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.22270114v2.full
- https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/39857-more-bad-news-even-orange-juice-is-a-risk-for-i-salmonellosis-i
- https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/265456/PMC2537894.pdf?sequence=1
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363935706_Salmonella_spp_in_Chicken_Prevalence_Antimicrobial_Resistance_and_Detection_Methods