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[Problem Specification|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Problem Specification]\\
[1. Create Geometry in GAMBIT|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Step 1]\\
[2. Mesh Geometry in GAMBIT|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Step 2]\\
[3. Specify Boundary Types in GAMBIT|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Step 3]\\ {color:#ff0000}{*}4. Set Up Problem in FLUENT{*}{color}\\
[5. Solve\!|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Step 5]\\
[6. Analyze Results|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Step 6]\\
[7. Refine Mesh|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Step 7]\\
[Problem 1|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Problem 1]\\
[Problem 2|FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder - Problem 2]
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h2. Step 4: Set Up Problem in FLUENT
h4. Launch Fluent 6.0
*Lab Apps > FLUENT 6.3.26*
Select {color:#660099}{*}{_}2ddp{_}{*}{color} from the list of options and click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Run{_}{*}{color}.
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The "2ddp" option is used to select the 2-dimensional, double-precision solver. In the double-precision solver, each floating point number is represented using 64 bits in contrast to the single-precision solver which uses 32 bits. The extra bits increase not only the precision but also the range of magnitudes that can be represented. The downside of using double precision is that it requires more memory.
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h4. Import Grid
*Main Menu > File > Read > Case...*
Navigate to the working directory and select the cylinder.msh file. This is the mesh file that was created using the preprocessor _GAMBIT_ in the previous step. FLUENT reports the mesh statistics as it reads in the mesh:
[!step4_img001sm.jpg!|^step4_img001.jpg]
Also, take a look under zones. We can see the five zones {color:#660099}{*}{_}farfield1{_}{*}{color}, {color:#660099}{*}{_}farfield2{_}{*}{color}, {color:#660099}{*}{_}farfield3{_}{*}{color},{color:#660099}{*}{_}farfield4{_}{*}{color}, and {color:#660099}{*}{_}cylinder{_}{*}{color} that we defined in _GAMBIT_.
h4. Check and Display Grid
First, we check the grid to make sure that there are no errors.
*Main Menu > Grid > Check*
Any errors in the grid would be reported at this time. Check the output and make sure that there are no errors reported. Check the grid size:
*Main Menu > Grid > Info > Size*
The following info should appear:
!step4_img002.jpg|width=32,height=32!
Display the grid:
*Main Menu > Display > Grid...*
Make sure all 6 items under {color:#660099}{*}{_}Surfaces{_}{*}{color} is selected. Then click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Display{_}{*}{color}. The graphics window opens and the grid is displayed in it. You can now click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Close{_}{*}{color} in the _Grid Display_ menu to get back some desktop space. The graphics window will remain.
{info:title=Graphics Window Operation}Translation: The grid can be translated in any direction by holding down the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Left Mouse Button{_}{*}{color} and then moving the mouse in the desired direction.
Zoom In: Hold down the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Middle Mouse Button{_}{*}{color} and drag a box from the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Upper Left Hand Corner{_}{*}{color} to the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Lower Right Hand Corner{_}{*}{color} over the area you want to zoom in on.
Zoom Out: Hold down the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Middle Mouse Button{_}{*}{color} and drag a box anywhere from the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Lower Right Hand Corner{_}{*}{color} to the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Upper Left Hand Corner{_}{*}{color}.
{info}
Use these operations to zoom into the grid to obtain the view shown below.
{warning:title=The zooming operations can only be performed with a middle mouse button.}
{warning}
[!step4_img003sm.jpg!|^step4_img003.jpg]
(Click picture for larger image)
{tips:title=White Background on Graphics Window} To get white background go to:
Main Menu > File > Hardcopy
Make sure that Reverse Foreground/Background is checked and change the coloring to Color. Click Preview. Click No when prompted "Reset graphics window?"
You can also look at specific parts of the grid by choosing the boundaries you wish to view under {color:#660099}{*}{_}Surfaces{_}{*}{color} (click to select and click again to deselect a specific boundary). Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Display{_}{*}{color} again when you have selected your boundaries. For example, the {color:#660099}{*}{_}wall{_}{*}{color}, {color:#660099}{*}{_}outlet{_}{*}{color}, and {color:#660099}{*}{_}centerline{_}{*}{color} boundaries have been selected in the following view:
!04grid_boundary.jpg|width=32,height=32!
These options will display the graph:
[!04grid_boundary_picfull300.jpg!|^04grid_boundary_picfull.jpg]
(Click picture for larger image)
For convenience, the !04expand.jpg|width=32,height=32! button next to {color:#660099}{*}{_}Surfaces{_}{*}{color} selects all of the boundaries while the !04contract.jpg|width=32,height=32! deselects all of the boundaries at once.
Close the _Grid Display Window_ when you are done.
h4. Define Solver Properties
*Main Menu > Define > Models > Solver*
Choose {color:#660099}{*}{_}Axisymmetric{_}{*}{color} under {color:#660099}{*}{_}Space{_}{*}{color}. We'll use the defaults of pressure based ("segregated", in older versions) solver, implicit formulation, steady flow and absolute velocity formulation. Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}OK{_}{*}{color}.
!04solver.jpg|width=32,height=32!
*Main Menu > Define > Models > Viscous*
Laminar flow is the default. So we don't need to change anything in this menu. Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Cancel{_}{*}{color}.
*Main Menu > Define > Models > Energy*
For incompressible flow, the energy equation is decoupled from the continuity and momentum equations. We need to solve the energy equation only if we are interested in determining the temperature distribution. We will not deal with temperature in this example. So leave the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Energy Equation{_}{*}{color} unselected and click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Cancel{_}{*}{color} to exit the menu.
h4. Define Material Properties
*Main Menu > Define > Materials...*
Change {color:#660099}{*}{_}Density{_}{*}{color} to {{1.0}} and {color:#660099}{*}{_}Viscosity{_}{*}{color} to {{2e-3}}. These are the values that we specified under [Problem Specification|FLUENT - Laminar Pipe Flow Problem Specification]. We'll take both as {color:#660099}{*}{_}constant{_}{*}{color}.
!04material_properties.jpg|width=32,height=32!
Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Change/Create{_}{*}{color}. Close the window.
h4. Define Operating Conditions
*Main Menu > Define > Operating Conditions...*
For all flows, FLUENT uses gauge pressure internally. Any time an absolute pressure is needed, it is generated by adding the operating pressure to the gauge pressure. We'll use the default value of 1 atm (101,325 Pa) as the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Operating Pressure{_}{*}{color}.
Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Cancel{_}{*}{color} to leave the default in place.
!04operating_conditions.jpg|width=32,height=32!
h4. Define Boundary Conditions
We'll now set the value of the velocity at the inlet and pressure at the outlet.
*Main Menu > Define > Boundary Conditions...*
We note here that the four types of boundaries we defined are specified as zones on the left side of the _Boundary Conditions Window_. The {color:#660099}{*}{_}centerline{_}{*}{color} zone should be selected by default. Make sure it is, then make sure the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Type{_}{*}{color} of this boundary is selected as {color:#660099}{*}{_}axis{_}{*}{color} and click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Set..._{*}{color}. Notice that there is nothing to set for the axis. Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}OK{_}{*}{color}.
Move down the list and select {color:#660099}{*}{_}inlet{_}{*}{color} under {color:#660099}{*}{_}Zone{_}{*}{color}. Note that FLUENT indicates that the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Type{_}{*}{color} of this boundary is {color:#660099}{*}{_}velocity-inlet{_}{*}{color}. Recall that the boundary type for the "inlet" was set in GAMBIT. If necessary, we can change the boundary type set previously in _GAMBIT_ in this menu by selecting a different type from the list on the right.
!04boundary_conditionssm.jpg|width=32,height=32!
Click on {color:#660099}{*}{_}Set..._{*}{color}. Enter {{1}} for {color:#660099}{*}{_}Velocity Magnitude{_}{*}{color}. Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}OK{_}{*}{color}. This sets the velocity of the fluid entering at the left boundary.
The (absolute) pressure at the outlet is 1 atm. Since the operating pressure is set to 1 atm, the outlet gauge pressure = outlet absolute pressure - operating pressure = 0. Choose {color:#660099}{*}{_}outlet{_}{*}{color} under {color:#660099}{*}{_}Zone{_}{*}{color}. The {color:#660099}{*}{_}Type{_}{*}{color} of this boundary is {color:#660099}{*}{_}pressure-outlet{_}{*}{color}. Click on {color:#660099}{*}{_}Set..._{*}{color}. The default value of the {color:#660099}{*}{_}Gauge Pressure{_}{*}{color} is 0. Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Cancel{_}{*}{color} to leave the default in place.
Lastly, click on {color:#660099}{*}{_}wall{_}{*}{color} under {color:#660099}{*}{_}Zones{_}{*}{color} and make sure {color:#660099}{*}{_}Type{_}{*}{color} is set as {color:#660099}{*}{_}wall{_}{*}{color}. Click on each of the tabs and note that only momentum can be changed under the current conditions. This will not be so under later exercises so make a note of the location of these options. Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}OK{_}{*}{color}.
Click {color:#660099}{*}{_}Close{_}{*}{color} to close the _Boundary Conditions_ menu.
Go to [Step 5: Solve\!|FLUENT - Laminar Pipe Flow Step 5]
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