Salmonella Stanley

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Stanley (antigenic formula: 1,4,[5],12,[27]:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. S. Stanley is commonly associated with human clinical infections in South East Asia, which appears to have spread to Europe. Initial cases in Denmark were associated with patients that traveled to Thailand; however, multiple outbreaks in Europe associated with different sources (poultry, cheese, alfalfa sprouts) suggest that S. Stanley is also found in Europe. In Asia, cases have been found in children under the age of 5. Multidrug resistant strains that encode extended spectrum beta-lactamases (enzymes that confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin) have been reported in clinical cases in Asia and Europe.

Animal reservoir: Pork was found to be the source of S. Stanley in Thailand, but outbreaks associated with turkey indicate that turkey is also a reservoir.

Geographical distribution: S. Stanley is prevalent in Asia, this serovar has been reported in Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, and Malaysia. In Europe, cases reported in Denmark were attributed to traveling to Asia.

Outbreaks: Multiple outbreaks have been linked to S. Stanley in Europe. In the US a recent outbreak linked with S. Stanley caused 14 cases and a recall of raw cashew cheese. In the EU an outbreak that last for 17 months appears to continue since cases with the same strain (identical PFGE) have been reported in 2014.

Year	Location	Associated source	Number of cases
2020	US (Multistate)	Wood Ear Mushrooms	55
2013-14	US-multistate	Raw cashew cheese	14
2011-13	EU-multi-country	Turkey	710
2007	Sweden	Alfalfa sprouts	51
2006-07	Switzerland	Soft cheese	82
2004	Australia	Unknown	33
2001	UK (Newport & Stanley)	Peanuts	109

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Salmonella Stanley