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Typical compute cluster nodes
2 computers in one 1U rack-mount box.
24 cores, 128GB RAM, 4TB storage.
(12 cores, 64GB RAM, 2TB storage per computer )

$5.4K

Getting 24 cores on procs spread over 2 computers represents good value.

Intel Xeon E5 2620
( V2 coming soon)

4 procs, 2 on each of 2 motherboards.

Typical compute cluster nodes 
2 computers in one 1U rack-mount box. 
32 cores, 128GB RAM, 4TB storage. 
(16 cores, 64GB RAM, 2TB storage per computer ).

$7.3

Getting 32 cores on procs spread over 2 computers (instead of 24 cores, above). Pay extra for these extra cores:
$960 to get 2 more cores on each chip

Intel Xeon E5 2640
( V2 coming soon)

Again, 4 procs, 2 on each of 2 motherboards. Those procs are twice the price.
8-core proc price is $890ea, or a full $480ea more than 6-core proc.

Single computer, rack-mount.
24 cores, 128GB RAM, 4TB storage.

$8.5K

To get similar power as $5.4K sytem (24 cores), but merged into a single system. Pay extra:
$1,920 for 4-capable chips upgrade
$1,180 for 4-capable motherboard upgrade

Intel Xeon E5 4607 4607  (V2 coming soon)

4 procs, but on one single motherboard. Those procs are twice the price.
4-proc capable proc price is $890ea, or a full $480ea more than 2-proc capable proc.

Singe computer, desktop (but noisy and hot!)
24 cores, 128GB RAM, 4TB storage.

$9.5K

In addition to above $8.5K upgrade, pay extra:
~$1K for chassis upgrade (still noisy and hot, though)

Intel Xeon E5 4607 (V2 coming soon)

Again, 4 procs, but on one single motherboard. Those procs are twice the price.
8-core proc (4-core capable) price is $890ea, or a full $480ea more than 6-core proc (4-core capable).