Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana (antigenic formula 1,9,12:l,z28:1,5) is a serovar of the O:9 (D1) serogroup. Salmonella S. Javiana is the fourth most common Salmonella serovar in identified among human cases clinical infections in the U.S. Some reports conclude that this serovar in highly virulent and severe cases have been reported. Investigation of virulence determinants have shown the presence of cdtB (virulence gene associated with virulence in S. Typhi). Serovar S. Javiana is known to produce the typhoid toxin. S. Javiana has been associated with a number of outbreaks with that identified fresh produce as the source.
Animal reservoir: According to the CDC, 2011 CDC report, S. Javiana is found in samples from non-clinical no non-human originsources, specifically, non-clinical chicken and turkey. In addition, this serovar has a reservoir reptiles and amphibious S. Javiana infection has been associated with contact with reptiles and amphibians.
Geographical distribution: S. Javiana has been reported in among the top 10 serovars from human cases the U.S., in Australia sporadic cases have been reported; in . In addition, spices from Thailand have been found to contain strains of serovar S. Javiana.
Outbreaks: Outbreaks of S. Javiana have been associated with fresh produce and animal contact.
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
| 2019 | US- multistate | Fresh Cut Fruit | 165 |
2002 | US-Florida | Tomatoes | 159 |
2001 | US- Massachusetts |
Amphibian | 66 | ||
1993 | Germany | Paprika & paprika-powdered potato chips (serovars Saintpaul and Rubislaw were also involved) | 1000 |
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