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Outbreaks: A number of human cases have been reported in Europe in travelers from Asia and Africa. However, no there are limited outbreaks with epidemiological investigation and clear source identification have been reported.

Outbreaks: A number of outbreaks in the U.S., Europe and Australia have been linked to S. Muenchen.

*25 other cases associated with this outbreak were identified as Salmonella Muenchen

Relevant genetic characteristics: Whole genome sequences for two strains of S. Kentucky, one from a human (str. CDC 191) and one from chicken breast (str. CVM29188), have been deposited at GenBank as of October, 2013. Genomic characteristics of the sequenced S. Kentucky include (i) a genome size ranging from 4.7-5.09 Mb, (ii) a mol G+C% ranging from 51.9-52.2, and (iii) 4,735 to 5,295 predicted genes. Salmonella Kentucky str. CVM29188 is a multidrug resistant strain that contains three plasmids of 46, 101, and 146 kb. The two large plasmids are conjugative plasmids that carry antimicrobial resistance genes. The largest plasmid of 146 kb shows the same backbone and virulence genes as virulence plasmids of Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Partial sequences of a region in Salmonella Kentucky strain SRC73 are deposited at GenBank. This strain, from Indian spices, is a multidrug resistant strain that contains the resistance genes inserted in the chromosome in a genomic island (Salmonella Genomic Island 1 variant SGI1-K).

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1. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/6/12-1351_article.htm
2. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099%2813%2970124-5/abstract
3. http://aac.asm.org/content/56/10/5096.full
4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2747853/
5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY463797
6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1797678/
7. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/425/abstract
8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3175032/
9. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/muenchen-02-16/index.html