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Relevant genetic characteristics: Whole genome sequences for 15 strains of S. Heidelberg have been deposited at GenBank as of October, 2013. Genomic characteristics of the sequenced S. Heidelberg include (i) a genome size ranging from 4.73 to 4.98 Mb, (ii) a mol G+C% of 52.1, and (iii) 5,578 to 5,039 predicted genes. Many of these sequenced strains were have been implicated in recent outbreaks (2011 and 2012), in the U.S. Salmonella Heidelberg str. SARA33 is a multidrug resistant strain. This strain was found, in silico, to contain a novel integron cassette; in addition, it was found to carry the following resistance genes: aac(6′)-ly, aadA5, aadB, aa(6′)-33, and aadA1, sul1 and sul2, blaOXA-2 and blaTEM, tetD. Resistance genes in S. Heidelberg have been identified in the chromosome (resistant islands) and in plasmids. The plasmids that carried resistance genes represent different Different incompatibility types (IncAA/C, IncFIBFIB, IncHI2)HI2) have been identified in the Plasmids that carried resistance genes in S. Heidelberg.
Phylogenetic and pan-genomic analyses that included two of the sequenced S. Heidelberg strains and other Salmonella serovars concluded that S. Heidelberg (i) belongs to clade A, according to den Bakker et al. (2011) classification, (ii) appears to have a single evolutionary origin, and (iii) contains 74 gene families unique to this serovar.
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