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_  Serovar Typhimurium can cause disease in a wide range of hosts and invasive strains have been reported in some African countries. This serovar is classified according to the susceptibility to typing phages (phage typing (PT)); one common PT (PT104) was typically found to have resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamide and tetracycline (ACSSuT resistance type). In England two outbreaks caused by a multidrug-resistant (ASSuTTm) strain of _S._ Typhimurium DT120 occurred in 2011.

*{+}Animal reservoir:+* serovar Typhimurium is found in multiple animal species, including cattle, chickens, turkey, swine, wild animals and insects.

*{+}Geographical distribution{+}*: serovar Typhimurium is widely distributed. In the multiple locations (i.e., US, the EU, Africa and Latin America) this serovar is the second most common serovar. In Oceania is the most common serovar. In Asia is among the ten most common serovars.

*{+}Outbreaks:+* numerous of outbreaks have been associated with serovar Typhimurium. {color:#333333}Outbreaks have been linked to a number of foods and also been linked to contact with live poultry (chicks, ducklings, and other live baby poultry).{color} Here we mention the latest outbreaks caused by this serovar.

| *Year* | *Location* | *Associated source* | *Number of cases* |
| 2013 | US-multistate | Live poultry | 37 |
| 2013 | US-multistate | Ground beef | 22 |
| 2012 | Canada | Ground beef | 50 |
| 2012 | US-multistate | Pet Hedgehogs | 26 |
| 2012 | US-multistate | Cantaloupe | 261 |
| 2011 | US-multistate | Ground beef | 20 |
| 2011 | US-multistate | African Dwarf Frogs | 241 |
| 2011 \\ | England \\ | Pork \\ | 51 \\ |
| 2011 | Ireland | Duck eggs | 34 |
| 2010 | US-multistate | Contact with water frogs | 85 |
| 2009 | England | unknown | 14 |
*{+}Relevant genetic characteristics:+* Whole genome sequences for 27 strains of _S._ Typhimurium have been deposited at GenBank as for October, 2013. Genomic characteristics of the sequenced _S._ Typhimurium include i) a genome size ranging from 4.82\- 5.09 Mb, ii) a mol G+C% of approx. 52.2, and iii) 4,556-5,619 genes. Typically, strains of _S._ Typhimurium contain a plasmid of approx. 90 kb that carry virulence genes (_Salmonella_ virulence plasmid _spv_ operon). Large resistant plasmids of approx. 200 kb, representing different incompatibility types (e.g., IncHI1) have also been identified in the sequenced strains. Prophages and genomic islands are important genomic components of serovar Typhimurium; for example, _S._ Typhimurium str. LT2 has four prophages (Fels-1, Fels-2, Gifsy-1, and Gifsy-2); within _S._ Typhimurium strains, the prophage content shows variation. Pathogenicity islands (SPIs) are found in all _S._ Typhimurium sequenced to date, including SPIs-1 to 6, 9, 11 to 14, and 16; being SPI14 specific to Typhimurium. In addition, genomic island content shows variation; for example, _S._ Typhimurium MDR strain ST1660/06 has three strain-specific genomic islands encoding putative virulence and resistance genes. Genomic islands carrying antibiotic resistance appear to be a common feature of a number of _S._ Typhimurium MDR strains, these genomic islands include, e.g., _Salmonella_ genomic island 1 (SGI1) described in _S._ Typhimurium DT104 and GI-DT12 in _S._ Typhimurium T000240. The latest genomic island (GI-DT12) contains resistance genes (i.e., _bla(oxa-30), aadA1, qacEΔ1, and sul1_, mercury resistance proteins, _cat,_ and _tetA_) and virulence genes (i.e., the aerobactin iron-acquisition siderophore system (_lutA_ and _lucABC_), and an iron transporter (_sitABCD_)).

In Sub-Sahara regions of Africa invasive strains of _S._ Typhimurium emerged, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny of this invasive strains and strains from other regions showed two lineages that clustered together. According to den Bakker et al. (2011) classification, _Salmonella_ Typhimurium belongs to clade A.

*{+}Genome sequences available:+*
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/28528/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/28528/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. 14028S [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/359508/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/359508/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. 798 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/368468/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/368468/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. D23580 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/359488/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/359488/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. SL1344 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/445688/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/445688/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. ST4/74 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/378298/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/378298/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. T000240 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/407038/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/407038/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. U288 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/608548/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/608548/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. UK1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/360258/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/360258/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium var-5 str. CFSAN001921 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/41141/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/41141/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. ST1489 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/62931/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/62931/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. ST1660/06 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/546838/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/546838/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. ST4848 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/64311/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/64311/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. ST78896 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/62921/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/62921/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm1 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/493428/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/493428/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm10 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503588/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503588/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm11 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503608/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503608/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm12 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503628/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503628/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm2 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/499908/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/499908/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm3 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503528/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503528/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm4 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503548/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503548/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm5 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503648/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503648/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm6 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503568/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503568/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm7 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/47901/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/47901/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm8 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503508/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/503508/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. STm9 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/506978/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/506978/]
# _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_ serovar Typhimurium str. TN061786 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/356608/|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/356608/]

*{+}Relevant links:+*

# [http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/fpd.2013.1513#utm_source=ETOC&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=fpd|http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/fpd.2013.1513#utm_source=ETOC&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=fpd]
# [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v413/n6858/full/413852a0.html|http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v413/n6858/full/413852a0.html]
# [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023330|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023330]
# [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23105062|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23105062]
# [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21622747|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21622747]
# [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129621|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129621]
# [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/425|http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/425]
# [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21098248|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21098248]

1.      [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20146749|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20146749]
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