...
Background:
...
Salmonella
...
enterica
...
subsp.
...
enterica
...
serovar
...
Typhimurium
...
(antigenic
...
formula
...
4,5,12:i:1,2)
...
is
...
a
...
widely
...
distributed
...
serovar,
...
representing
...
the
...
second
...
most
...
common
...
serovar
...
in
...
the
...
United
...
States
...
and
...
the
...
European
...
Union.
...
This
...
serovar
...
belongs
...
to
...
the
...
serogroup
...
O:4
...
(B),
...
there
...
is
...
one
...
variant
...
named
...
S.
...
Typhimurium
...
var.
...
Copenhagen,
...
which
...
lacks
...
the
...
factor
...
5
...
in
...
the
...
O
...
antigen
...
(4,12:i:1,2).
...
This
...
serovar
...
was
...
named
...
Typhimurium
...
because
...
it
...
produces
...
"Typhi
...
like
...
symptoms
...
in
...
the
...
murine
...
model.
...
S.
...
Typhimurium
...
has
...
been
...
used
...
as
...
model
...
to
...
understand
...
the
...
pathogenicity
...
of
...
Salmonella.
...
Serovar Typhimurium can cause disease in a wide range of hosts and invasive strains have been reported in some African countries. This serovar is classified according to the susceptibility to typing phages (phage typing (PT));
...
one
...
common
...
PT
...
(PT104)
...
was
...
typically
...
found
...
to
...
have
...
resistance
...
to
...
ampicillin,
...
chloramphenicol,
...
streptomycin,
...
sulphonamide
...
and
...
tetracycline
...
(ACSSuT
...
resistance
...
type).
...
In
...
England
...
two
...
outbreaks
...
caused
...
by
...
a
...
multidrug-resistant
...
(ASSuTTm)
...
strain
...
of
...
S.
...
Typhimurium
...
DT120
...
occurred
...
in
...
2011.
...
Animal reservoir:
...
serovar
...
Typhimurium
...
is
...
found
...
in
...
multiple
...
animal
...
species,
...
including
...
cattle,
...
chickens,
...
turkey,
...
swine,
...
wild
...
animals
...
and
...
insects.
...
Geographical distribution: serovar Typhimurium is widely distributed. In the multiple locations (i.e.,
...
US,
...
the
...
EU,
...
Africa
...
and
...
Latin
...
America)
...
this
...
serovar
...
is
...
the
...
second
...
most
...
common
...
serovar.
...
In
...
Oceania
...
is
...
the
...
most
...
common
...
serovar.
...
In
...
Asia
...
is
...
among
...
the
...
ten
...
most
...
common
...
serovars.
...
Outbreaks:
...
numerous
...
of
...
outbreaks
...
have
...
been
...
associated
...
with
...
serovar
...
Typhimurium.
...
Outbreaks
...
have
...
been
...
linked
...
to
...
a
...
number
...
of
...
foods
...
and
...
also
...
been
...
linked
...
to
...
contact
...
with
...
live
...
poultry
...
(chicks,
...
ducklings,
...
and
...
other
...
live
...
baby
...
poultry).
...
Here
...
we
...
mention
...
the
...
latest
...
outbreaks
...
caused
...
by
...
this
...
serovar.
...
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
2013 | US-multistate | Live poultry | 37 |
2013 | US-multistate | Ground beef | 22 |
2012 | Canada | Ground beef | 50 |
2012 | US-multistate | Pet Hedgehogs | 26 |
2012 | US-multistate | Cantaloupe | 261 |
2011 | US-multistate | Ground beef | 20 |
2011 | US-multistate | African Dwarf Frogs | 241 |
2011 | England | Pork | 51 |
2011 | Ireland | Duck eggs | 34 |
2010 | US-multistate | Contact with water frogs | 85 |
2009 | England | unknown | 14 |
Relevant links or references:
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