Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana (antigenic formula 1,9,12:l,z28:1,5) is a serovar of the O:9 (D1) serogroup. Salmonella S. Javiana is the fourth most common Salmonella serovar identified in humans among human clinical infections in the U.S. S. Javiana has been reported as a highly virulent serovar; among the virulence genes identified in S. Javiana is cdtB (virulence gene associated with virulence in S. Typhi). Serovar is known to produce the typhoid toxin. S. Javiana has been associated with a number of outbreaks that identified fresh produce as the source.
Animal reservoir: According to CDC, 2011, S. Javiana is found in non-clinical non-human sources, specifically, non-clinical chicken and turkey. In addition, this serovar has as reservoirs reptiles and amphibious S. Javiana infection has been associated with contact with reptiles and amphibians.
Geographical distribution: S. Javiana has been reported among the top 10 serovars from human cases the U.S., in Australia sporadic cases have been reported. In addition, spices from Thailand have been found to contain strains of serovar S. Javiana.
Outbreaks: Outbreaks of S. Javiana have been associated with fresh produce and animal contact.
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